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Research and development spending

% of GDP · higher ranks first

127 of 216 countries report a figure for research and development spending

World average: 1.0%

Show worst first

RankCountryValueYear
#1Israel6.3%2023
#2Liechtenstein6.0%2023
#3South Korea4.9%2023
#4Sweden3.6%2023
#5United States3.4%2023
#6Japan3.4%2023
#7Belgium3.3%2023
#8Austria3.3%2023
#9Switzerland3.2%2023
#10Germany3.2%2023
#11Finland3.1%2023
#12Denmark3.0%2023
#13United Kingdom2.7%2023
#14Iceland2.6%2023
#15People's Republic of China2.6%2023
#16Kingdom of the Netherlands2.3%2023
#17France2.2%2023
#18Slovenia2.1%2023
#19Australia1.9%2021
#20Norway1.9%2023
#21Estonia1.8%2023
#22Czech Republic1.8%2023
#23Singapore1.8%2022
#24Canada1.8%2024
#25Portugal1.7%2023
#26Ireland1.6%2023
#27Poland1.6%2023
#28New Zealand1.5%2023
#29United Arab Emirates1.5%2021
#30Greece1.5%2023
#31Spain1.5%2023
#32Turkey1.4%2023
#33Croatia1.4%2023
#34Italy1.4%2023
#35Hungary1.4%2023
#36Brazil1.2%2023
#37Hong Kong1.1%2024
#38Luxembourg1.1%2023
#39Lithuania1.0%2023
#40Slovakia1.0%2023
#41Egypt1.0%2024
#42Malaysia1.0%2022
#43Serbia0.9%2024
#44Russia0.9%2024
#45Thailand0.9%2023
#46Latvia0.8%2023
#47Kenya0.8%2024
#48Bulgaria0.8%2023
#49Rwanda0.8%2023
#50Tunisia0.7%2019
#51Iran0.7%2021
#52Uruguay0.7%2023
#53Jordan0.7%2016
#54Cyprus0.7%2023
#55Qatar0.7%2021
#56Malta0.6%2023
#57Namibia0.6%2022
#58India0.6%2020
#59Saudi Arabia0.6%2024
#60South Africa0.6%2022
#61Argentina0.6%2023
#62Belarus0.6%2024
#63Romania0.5%2023
#64Algeria0.4%2024
#65Cuba0.4%2024
#66Uganda0.4%2023
#67Vietnam0.4%2023
#68Chile0.4%2022
#69Oman0.4%2024
#70Republic of the Congo0.4%2022
#71North Macedonia0.4%2024
#72Ukraine0.4%2024
#73Montenegro0.4%2019
#74Costa Rica0.3%2023
#75Macau0.3%2024
#76Colombia0.3%2020
#77Armenia0.3%2024
#78Nigeria0.3%2019
#79Indonesia0.3%2020
#80Brunei0.3%2018
#81Philippines0.3%2020
#82Ethiopia0.3%2017
#83Georgia0.3%2024
#84Mauritius0.3%2024
#85Mexico0.3%2024
#86Chad0.2%2016
#87Bermuda0.2%2020
#88Togo0.2%2024
#89Moldova0.2%2024
#90Bosnia and Herzegovina0.2%2024
#91Burundi0.2%2018
#92Azerbaijan0.2%2024
#93Seychelles0.2%2016
#94Albania0.2%2022
#95Panama0.2%2024
#96Bahrain0.2%2024
#97Malawi0.2%2019
#98Peru0.2%2023
#99Pakistan0.2%2023
#100Kazakhstan0.2%2024
#101Andorra0.2%2022
#102Mali0.1%2023
#103Paraguay0.1%2023
#104Sri Lanka0.1%2022
#105Burkina Faso0.1%2024
#106Uzbekistan0.1%2024
#107El Salvador0.1%2023
#108Bhutan0.1%2024
#109Lesotho0.1%2023
#110Turkmenistan0.1%2023
#111Tajikistan0.1%2020
#112Kuwait0.1%2024
#113Mongolia0.1%2022
#114Ivory Coast0.1%2016
#115The Gambia0.1%2018
#116Bolivia0.1%2021
#117Honduras0.1%2019
#118Kyrgyzstan0.1%2024
#119Trinidad and Tobago0.1%2022
#120Syria0.0%2022
#121Iraq0.0%2021
#122Angola0.0%2016
#123Papua New Guinea0.0%2016
#124Myanmar0.0%2023
#125Madagascar0.0%2017
#126Mauritania0.0%2018
#127Guatemala0.0%2023
—Afghanistan——
—American Samoa——
—Antigua and Barbuda——
—Aruba——
—The Bahamas——
—Bangladesh——
—Barbados——
—Belize——
—Benin——
—Botswana——
—British Virgin Islands——
—Cape Verde——
—Cambodia——
—Cameroon——
—Cayman Islands——
—Central African Republic——
—Comoros——
—Democratic Republic of the Congo——
—Curaçao——
—Djibouti——
—Dominica——
—Dominican Republic——
—Ecuador——
—Equatorial Guinea——
—Eritrea——
—Eswatini——
—Faroe Islands——
—Fiji——
—French Polynesia——
—Gabon——
—Ghana——
—Gibraltar——
—Greenland——
—Grenada——
—Guam——
—Guinea——
—Guinea-Bissau——
—Guyana——
—Haiti——
—Isle of Man——
—Jamaica——
—Kiribati——
—North Korea——
—Kosovo——
—Laos——
—Lebanon——
—Liberia——
—Libya——
—Maldives——
—Marshall Islands——
—Federated States of Micronesia——
—Monaco——
—Morocco——
—Mozambique——
—Nauru——
—Nepal——
—New Caledonia——
—Nicaragua——
—Niger——
—Northern Mariana Islands——
—Palau——
—Puerto Rico——
—Samoa——
—San Marino——
—São Tomé and Príncipe——
—Senegal——
—Sierra Leone——
—Sint Maarten——
—Solomon Islands——
—Somalia——
—South Sudan——
—Saint Kitts and Nevis——
—Saint Lucia——
—Saint-Martin——
—Saint Vincent and the Grenadines——
—Sudan——
—Suriname——
—Tanzania——
—Timor-Leste——
—Tonga——
—Turks and Caicos Islands——
—Tuvalu——
—Vanuatu——
—Venezuela——
—United States Virgin Islands——
—Palestine——
—Yemen——
—Zambia——
—Zimbabwe——

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)