Data as of Aug 2, 2026, 11:53 PM

SERIAL · 792Asia

Turkey

CapitalAnkara

CurrencyTRY · Turkish lira

LanguageTurkish

Area785,350 km²

Since1923

ISOTUR · TR

Population

85.9Mas of 2025

— THE COUNTRY —

Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 86 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya.

Text: Wikipedia — TurkeyCC BY-SA 4.0 · revised 2026-08-01

— FACTS —

Capital: Ankara
Currency: Turkish lira (TRY)
Official language: Turkish
Drives on the: Right
Calling code: +90
Licence plate code: TR
Top-level domain: .tr
Independence / founding: 29 Oct 1923
Highest point: Mount Ararat (5,137 m)
Lowest point: Black Sea
Anthem: İstiklâl Marşı

Facts: Wikidata (CC0) · as of 2026-08-02

— LAND —

Land covered by forest

29.5%% of land area

#110 of 2132023

93% of world average

Forest area

226,884km²

#25 of 2132023

120% of world average

Agricultural land

50.1%% of land area

#60 of 2092023

135% of world average

Farmable (arable) land

26.3%% of land area

#38 of 2062023

189% of world average

Land area

785,350km²

#36 of 2152023

120% of world average

— PEOPLE —

Population

85.9Mpeople

#18 of 2162025

226% of world average

Population growth

0.4%% per year

#147 of 2162025

43% of world average

Population density

111people per km²

#95 of 2152023

24% of world average

People living in cities

89.5%% of population

#32 of 2162025

141% of world average

Urban population growth

0.6%% per year

#150 of 2162025

38% of world average

People living rurally

10.5%% of population

#185 of 2162025

29% of world average

Population aged 0-14

21.0%% of population

#116 of 2162025

84% of world average

Population aged 15-64

68.4%% of population

#43 of 2162025

107% of world average

Population aged 65+

10.6%% of population

#93 of 2162025

98% of world average

▸ ISSUE 7 MORE

Age dependency ratio

46.2%% of working-age population

#174 of 2162025

80% of world average

Female population

50.1%% of population

#136 of 2162025

100% of world average

Births per woman

1births per woman

#156 of 2162024

63% of world average

Birth rate

11.0 /1,000per 1,000 people

#139 of 2162024

64% of world average

Death rate

5.7 /1,000per 1,000 people

#172 of 2162024

74% of world average

Net migration

-258,205people (5-year total)

#208 of 2162025

-234495% of world average

Migrants living in the country

8.1%% of population

#92 of 2152024

61% of world average

— MONEY —

GDP

$1.60Tcurrent US$

#16 of 2112025

287% of world average

GDP, purchasing power parity

$3.89Tcurrent int'l $

#11 of 1992025

372% of world average

GDP per person

$18,599current US$

#80 of 2112025

77% of world average

GDP per person, purchasing power parity

$45,288current int'l $

#58 of 1992025

136% of world average

GDP growth

3.6%% per year

#93 of 2102025

107% of world average

GDP per person growth

3.2%% per year

#75 of 2102025

133% of world average

Gross national income

$1.57Tcurrent US$

#16 of 2042025

275% of world average

Gross national income per person

$16,300current US$

#75 of 2032025

81% of world average

Gross national income per person, PPP

$44,630current int'l $

#55 of 1972025

140% of world average

▸ ISSUE 28 MORE

Inflation

34.9%% per year

#184 of 1902025

405% of world average

Inflation (GDP deflator)

36.4%% per year

#203 of 2092025

514% of world average

Government debt

26.6%% of GDP

#9 of 632024

45% of world average

Government revenue

31.5%% of GDP

#40 of 1492024

120% of world average

Government spending

33.0%% of GDP

#48 of 1492023

120% of world average

Government consumption

13.9%% of GDP

#117 of 1812025

79% of world average

Household consumption

54.7%% of GDP

#123 of 1812025

85% of world average

Investment (gross capital formation)

31.7%% of GDP

#21 of 1782025

136% of world average

Fixed investment

30.6%% of GDP

#19 of 1732025

137% of world average

Gross savings

29.9%% of GDP

#38 of 1682024

137% of world average

Foreign investment inflows

$11.70Bcurrent US$

#33 of 2012024

139% of world average

Foreign investment inflows

0.9%% of GDP

#149 of 1982024

no comparison

Foreign investment outflows

0.5%% of GDP

#78 of 1792024

23% of world average

Current account balance

-0.8%% of GDP

#89 of 1912024

no comparison

Foreign reserves

$185.57Bcurrent US$

#21 of 1772025

184% of world average

External debt

$514.99Bcurrent US$

#117 of 1212024

666% of world average

Income inequality (Gini)

440-100

#129 of 1472023

123% of world average

People below the poverty line

0.2%% of population

#27 of 1472023

2% of world average

Income share held by richest 10%

34.4%%

#134 of 1472023

124% of world average

Income share held by poorest 10%

2.1%%

#121 of 1472023

75% of world average

Stock market value

25.3%% of GDP

#61 of 882025

33% of world average

Money sent home by workers abroad

$982.0Mcurrent US$

#95 of 1862024

19% of world average

Foreign aid received

0.1%% of GNI

#121 of 1372023

2% of world average

Exchange rate

39local currency per US$

#84 of 2112025

3% of world average

Agriculture's share of the economy

5.2%% of GDP

#106 of 1992025

52% of world average

Industry's share of the economy

24.0%% of GDP

#97 of 2022025

98% of world average

Manufacturing's share of the economy

16.8%% of GDP

#35 of 1952024

153% of world average

Services' share of the economy

59.4%% of GDP

#92 of 2022025

103% of world average

2 of 39 figures unavailable for Turkey.

— TRADE —

Exports

24.8%% of GDP

#128 of 1872025

57% of world average

Imports

25.1%% of GDP

#156 of 1872025

50% of world average

Trade balance

-0.2%% of GDP

#79 of 1872025

no comparison

Total trade (openness)

40.0%% of GDP

#144 of 2052025

62% of world average

Goods exported

$273.36Bcurrent US$

#30 of 2072025

221% of world average

Goods imported

$365.37Bcurrent US$

#21 of 2072025

290% of world average

Services exported

$117.19Bcurrent US$

#22 of 1912024

241% of world average

Services imported

$55.82Bcurrent US$

#33 of 1912024

127% of world average

Goods and services exported

$374.64Bcurrent US$

#27 of 1912024

214% of world average

▸ ISSUE 3 MORE

Goods and services imported

$369.26Bcurrent US$

#26 of 1912024

218% of world average

High-tech share of exports

5.1%% of manufactured exports

#102 of 1792024

42% of world average

Terms of trade

87index

#177 of 2062024

82% of world average

— HEALTH —

Life expectancy

77.4 yrsyears

#82 of 2162024

105% of world average

Life expectancy, women

80.3 yrsyears

#79 of 2162024

105% of world average

Life expectancy, men

74.6 yrsyears

#80 of 2162024

104% of world average

Infant deaths

8.0 /1,000per 1,000 live births

#72 of 1962024

43% of world average

Deaths under age 5

9.6 /1,000per 1,000 live births

#73 of 1962024

40% of world average

Maternal deaths

15per 100,000 live births

#59 of 1942023

13% of world average

Health spending

4.3%% of GDP

#148 of 1932023

63% of world average

Health spending per person

$548current US$

#84 of 1932023

38% of world average

Physicians

2.2 /1,000per 1,000 people

#83 of 1872022

106% of world average

▸ ISSUE 9 MORE

Nurses and midwives

3.5 /1,000per 1,000 people

#108 of 1962022

74% of world average

Hospital beds

3.1 /1,000per 1,000 people

#59 of 1572023

103% of world average

Access to clean drinking water

96.0%% of population

#119 of 2142024

106% of world average

Access to basic sanitation

99.3%% of population

#44 of 2132024

123% of world average

Suicide rate

3per 100,000 people

#24 of 1852021

31% of world average

Adults who smoke

31.1%% of adults

#142 of 1662024

157% of world average

Tuberculosis cases

13per 100,000 people

#70 of 2082024

13% of world average

Undernourishment

2.5%% of population

#57 of 1682023

25% of world average

Children vaccinated against measles

95.0%% of children 12-23 months

#67 of 1932024

111% of world average

1 of 19 figures unavailable for Turkey.

— LEARNING —

Education spending

3.1%% of GDP

#142 of 1902022

72% of world average

Education spending

11.3%% of government spending

#127 of 1892022

84% of world average

Adult literacy

97.3%% aged 15+

#33 of 1192021

116% of world average

Youth literacy

92.2%% aged 15-24

#84 of 1262022

101% of world average

Primary school enrolment

102.4%% gross

#72 of 2002023

102% of world average

Secondary school enrolment

118.4%% gross

#20 of 1882023

136% of world average

University enrolment

105.9%% gross

#10 of 1672023

213% of world average

Primary school completion

90.6%% of relevant age group

#117 of 1802023

101% of world average

Pupils per teacher, primary school

17pupils per teacher

#75 of 1602017

76% of world average

▸ ISSUE 1 MORE

Years of compulsory education

12.0 yrsyears

#58 of 1972025

120% of world average

— WORK —

Unemployment

8.5%% of labour force

#137 of 1862025

123% of world average

Youth unemployment

16.0%% of labour force aged 15-24

#116 of 1862025

102% of world average

Labour force participation

54.4%% aged 15+

#141 of 1862025

90% of world average

Women in the labour force

37.1%% of women aged 15+

#158 of 1862025

73% of world average

Men in the labour force

71.9%% of men aged 15+

#74 of 1862025

103% of world average

Labour force

36.9Mpeople

#18 of 1862025

182% of world average

Working in agriculture

14.2%% of employment

#94 of 1862025

65% of world average

Working in industry

27.3%% of employment

#27 of 1862025

139% of world average

Working in services

58.5%% of employment

#97 of 1862025

100% of world average

▸ ISSUE 3 MORE

Self-employed

28.5%% of employment

#103 of 1862025

74% of world average

Labour force with advanced education

77.5%% of labour force

#95 of 1712024

102% of world average

Employed

49.7%% aged 15+

#142 of 1862025

88% of world average

— CONNECTED —

People online

89.8%% of population

#62 of 2072025

126% of world average

Mobile phone subscriptions

108per 100 people

#128 of 2102024

93% of world average

Fixed broadband subscriptions

23per 100 people

#81 of 2082024

129% of world average

Fixed telephone lines

10per 100 people

#107 of 2132024

69% of world average

Access to electricity

100.0%% of population

#108 of 2142024

113% of world average

Access to clean cooking fuel

95.3%% of population

#81 of 1892023

137% of world average

Electricity used per person

3,731kWh per person

#61 of 1492024

88% of world average

Energy used per person

1,925kg oil equivalent per person

#59 of 1492024

85% of world average

Air passengers carried

125.9Mpassengers

#5 of 1652023

487% of world average

▸ ISSUE 9 MORE

Air freight

8,367million tonne-km

#9 of 1632023

638% of world average

Rail network

10,546route-km

#17 of 842021

101% of world average

Rail passengers

10,683million passenger-km

#20 of 782021

39% of world average

Container port traffic

13.5MTEU

#15 of 1672024

248% of world average

Research and development spending

1.4%% of GDP

#32 of 1272023

146% of world average

Patent applications by residents

8,234count

#12 of 1422021

51% of world average

Scientific journal articles published

50,180count

#16 of 1972023

305% of world average

Tourists arriving

16.0Mcount

#15 of 1942020

312% of world average

Money earned from tourism

$13.77Bcurrent US$

#12 of 1752020

372% of world average

— NATURE —

Carbon emissions per person

5tonnes per person

#156 of 2032024

119% of world average

Carbon emissions

460Mt CO2

#190 of 2032024

246% of world average

Greenhouse gas emissions

580Mt CO2-equivalent

#188 of 2032024

229% of world average

Protected land

7.0%% of land area

#174 of 2132025

37% of world average

Protected coastal waters

1.7%% of territorial waters

#93 of 1742025

16% of world average

Freshwater withdrawn

28.4%% of internal resources

#129 of 1772022

22% of world average

Renewable water available per person

2,671m³ per person

#88 of 1832022

19% of world average

Renewable energy use

12.0%% of final energy consumption

#135 of 2122021

41% of world average

Electricity from renewables

35.4%% of total

#82 of 2062021

102% of world average

▸ ISSUE 3 MORE

Electricity from fossil fuels

57.3%% of total

#92 of 2092023

96% of world average

Electricity from nuclear power

0.0%% of total

#194 of 2082021

0% of world average

Energy imported (net)

72.0%% of energy use

#26 of 1432023

no comparison

— STATE —

Military spending

1.9%% of GDP

#65 of 1562024

86% of world average

Military spending

$24.98Bcurrent US$

#17 of 1602024

150% of world average

Armed forces personnel

512,000people

#13 of 1702020

320% of world average

Armed forces

1.6%% of labour force

#38 of 1682020

128% of world average

Tax revenue

17.6%% of GDP

#70 of 1492024

105% of world average

Homicides

3per 100,000 people

#89 of 1582023

41% of world average

1 of 7 figures unavailable for Turkey.

— TRADE PARTNERS —

Loading trade partner map…

— TRADE —

Exports toas of 2025

Germany$22.17B
Germany$22.16B
United Kingdom$16.77B
United Kingdom$16.77B
USA$16.33B
USA$16.32B
Italy$13.23B
Italy$13.10B

▸ ISSUE 7 MORE

Iraq$12.38B
Iraq$12.38B
France$11.20B
France$11.20B
Spain$10.42B
Spain$10.42B
United Arab Emirates$9.28B

Imports fromas of 2025

China$49.58B
Russian Federation$42.37B
Germany$30.11B
China$27.38B
Russian Federation$24.41B
Other$20.82B
Other$20.82B
USA$18.08B

▸ ISSUE 7 MORE

Switzerland$15.75B
Italy$15.74B
Switzerland$14.03B
Germany$12.93B
France$12.86B
Rep. of Korea$10.26B
Spain$10.17B

Trade balance, 2025-$92.01B

— EXTRAS —

Anthem

İstiklâl MarşıAudio: Wikimedia Commons

Capital time

--:--:--Ankara · approx. UTC+2

Neighbours

Landmarks

Divriği Great Mosque and HospitalImage: Wikimedia Commons

Historic Areas of IstanbulImage: Wikimedia Commons

Hierapolis-PamukkaleImage: Wikimedia Commons

Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural LandscapeImage: Wikimedia Commons

Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman EmpireImage: Wikimedia Commons

Hattusha: the Hittite CapitalImage: Wikimedia Commons

Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural LandscapeImage: Wikimedia Commons

City of SafranboluImage: Wikimedia Commons

Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of CappadociaImage: Wikimedia Commons

Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval AnatoliaImage: Wikimedia Commons

Sardis and the Lydian Tumuli of Bin TepeImage: Wikimedia Commons

People

Mustafa Kemal Atatürkfounding father of the Republic of Turkey (c. 1881–1938)

Recep Tayyip ErdoğanPresident of Turkey since 2014

Orhan PamukTurkish novelist, academic and Nobel laureate (born 1952)

Abdullah Gül11th President of Turkey (born 1950)

Dani RodrikTurkish economist and publicist (born 1957)

Mesut ÖzilTurkish-German association football player

Ahmet DavutoğluTurkish statesperson and writer (born 1959)

Fethullah GülenTurkish preacher and imam (1941–2024)

İsmet İnönü2nd President of the Republic of Turkey (1884–1973)

Turgut Özal8th President of the Republic of Turkey (1927–1993)

Hande YenerTurkish singer (born 1973)

History

29 Oct 1923Turkey — founding / independence (Wikidata)

Size, side by side

Loading size comparison…

1960 → now

2026

Population85.9M2025

GDP$1.60T2025

GDP per person$18,5992025