Data as of Aug 2, 2026, 11:55 PM

SERIAL · 795Asia

Turkmenistan

CapitalAshgabat

CurrencyTMT · Turkmenistan new manat

LanguageTurkmen

Since1991

ISOTKM · TM

Population

—

— THE COUNTRY —

Country in Central Asia

Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to the north, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. It is one of six independent Turkic states. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. With over 7 million people, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations located on the Asian continent.

Text: Wikipedia — TurkmenistanCC BY-SA 4.0 · revised 2026-08-01

— FACTS —

Capital: Ashgabat
Currency: Turkmenistan new manat (TMT)
Official language: Turkmen
Drives on the: Right
Calling code: +993
Licence plate code: TM
Top-level domain: .tm
Independence / founding: 27 Oct 1991
Highest point: Aýrybaba (3,139 m)
Lowest point: Turan Depression
Anthem: National anthem of Turkmenistan

Facts: Wikidata (CC0) · as of 2026-08-02

— LAND —

5 of 5 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— PEOPLE —

16 of 16 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— MONEY —

Foreign reserves

$1.51Bcurrent US$

not enough data to rank1999

2% of world average

External debt

$3.32Bcurrent US$

#26 of 1212024

4% of world average

Income inequality (Gini)

410-100

not enough data to rank1998

115% of world average

People below the poverty line

35.1%% of population

not enough data to rank1998

274% of world average

Income share held by richest 10%

31.5%%

not enough data to rank1998

113% of world average

Income share held by poorest 10%

2.4%%

not enough data to rank1998

86% of world average

Money sent home by workers abroad

$4.4Mcurrent US$

not enough data to rank1996

0% of world average

Foreign aid received

0.1%% of GNI

#124 of 1372023

2% of world average

Exchange rate

5,200local currency per US$

not enough data to rank2001

359% of world average

▸ ISSUE 4 MORE

Agriculture's share of the economy

12.4%% of GDP

#61 of 1992025

124% of world average

Industry's share of the economy

36.0%% of GDP

#26 of 2022025

147% of world average

Manufacturing's share of the economy

20.5%% of GDP

not enough data to rank2004

186% of world average

Services' share of the economy

48.9%% of GDP

#151 of 2022025

84% of world average

26 of 39 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— TRADE —

Exports

14.5%% of GDP

#167 of 1872025

33% of world average

Imports

13.7%% of GDP

#184 of 1872025

28% of world average

Trade balance

0.8%% of GDP

#71 of 1872025

no comparison

Total trade (openness)

40.8%% of GDP

#140 of 2052025

63% of world average

Goods exported

$15.56Bcurrent US$

#86 of 2072025

13% of world average

Goods imported

$4.76Bcurrent US$

#142 of 2072025

4% of world average

6 of 12 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— HEALTH —

Physicians

1.9 /1,000per 1,000 people

#88 of 1872023

92% of world average

Nurses and midwives

3.5 /1,000per 1,000 people

#107 of 1962023

74% of world average

Hospital beds

3.6 /1,000per 1,000 people

#48 of 1572021

122% of world average

Access to clean drinking water

99.9%% of population

#50 of 2142024

110% of world average

Access to basic sanitation

99.7%% of population

#29 of 2132024

124% of world average

Suicide rate

7per 100,000 people

#85 of 1852021

80% of world average

Adults who smoke

5.4%% of adults

#7 of 1662024

27% of world average

Tuberculosis cases

40per 100,000 people

#102 of 2082024

40% of world average

Undernourishment

4.3%% of population

#75 of 1682023

43% of world average

▸ ISSUE 1 MORE

Children vaccinated against measles

99.0%% of children 12-23 months

#18 of 1932024

115% of world average

9 of 19 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— LEARNING —

Education spending

4.3%% of GDP

#90 of 1902024

99% of world average

Education spending

27.6%% of government spending

#3 of 1892024

204% of world average

Adult literacy

99.9%% aged 15+

#5 of 1192022

119% of world average

Youth literacy

99.9%% aged 15-24

#8 of 1262022

110% of world average

Primary school enrolment

95.7%% gross

#147 of 2002024

95% of world average

Secondary school enrolment

94.6%% gross

#83 of 1882024

109% of world average

University enrolment

20.4%% gross

#129 of 1672024

41% of world average

Primary school completion

98.6%% of relevant age group

#52 of 1802024

110% of world average

Years of compulsory education

12.0 yrsyears

#59 of 1972025

120% of world average

1 of 10 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— WORK —

Unemployment

4.3%% of labour force

#72 of 1862025

62% of world average

Youth unemployment

10.0%% of labour force aged 15-24

#72 of 1862025

64% of world average

Labour force participation

42.0%% aged 15+

#172 of 1862025

69% of world average

Women in the labour force

38.2%% of women aged 15+

#156 of 1862025

75% of world average

8 of 12 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— CONNECTED —

18 of 18 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— NATURE —

12 of 12 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— STATE —

7 of 7 figures unavailable for Turkmenistan.

— TRADE PARTNERS —

Loading trade partner map…

— TRADE —

No trade data available for Turkmenistan.

— EXTRAS —

Anthem

National anthem of TurkmenistanAudio: Wikimedia Commons

Capital time

--:--:--Ashgabat · approx. UTC+4

Neighbours

Landmarks

Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum CorridorImage: Wikimedia Commons

Cold Winter Deserts of TuranImage: Wikimedia Commons

People

Gurbanguly BerdimuhamedowTurkmen politician and president of Turkmenistan (2006–2022)

Saparmyrat NyýazowPresident of Turkmenistan from 1990 to 2006

Serdar Berdimuhamedow3rd President of Turkmenistan since 2022

Oleg KononenkoRussian cosmonaut

Kurban BerdyevRussian footballer Russian footballer and manager

Polina GurýewaTurkmenistani weightlifte (1999-)

Kara Yülük OsmanThe first king of Aq Qoyunlu (1378–1435)

Ruslan MingazovTurkmenistan association football player

Raşit Meredowvice President of Turkmenistan

Wladimir BaýramowTurkmenistan footballer

Rolan GusevRussian footballer

Muhammetnazar GapurowSoviet and Turkmen politician (1922-1999)

History

27 Oct 1991Turkmenistan — founding / independence (Wikidata)

Size, side by side

Loading size comparison…

1960 → now

2026

Population7.6M2025

GDP$49.83B2025

GDP per person$6,5402025