Land covered by forest
11.1%% of land area
#160 of 2132023
35% of world average
SERIAL · 528Europe
Kingdom of the Netherlands
CapitalAmsterdam
CurrencyAWG · Aruban florin
LanguageDutch
Area41,540 km²
Since1815
ISONLD · NL
Population
18.1Mas of 2025
Watermark portrait: Vincent van Gogh
— THE COUNTRY —
Sovereign state
The Kingdom of the Netherlands, commonly known simply as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state consisting of a collection of constituent territories united under the monarch of the Netherlands, who functions as head of state. The realm is not a federation; it is a unitary monarchy with its largest subdivision, the eponymous Netherlands, predominantly located in Northwestern Europe and with three smaller island territories located in the Caribbean.
Text: Wikipedia — Kingdom of the NetherlandsCC BY-SA 4.0 · revised 2026-07-25
— FACTS —
- Capital
- Amsterdam
- Currency
- Aruban florin (AWG)
- Official language
- Dutch
- Drives on the
- Right
- Calling code
- +31
- Top-level domain
- .nl
- Independence / founding
- 16 Mar 1815
- Highest point
- Mount Scenery (870 m)
- Lowest point
- Zuidplaspolder
- Anthem
- Wilhelmus
— LAND —
Forest area
3,723km²
#146 of 2132023
2% of world average
Agricultural land
53.5%% of land area
#54 of 2092023
144% of world average
Farmable (arable) land
30.0%% of land area
#31 of 2062023
215% of world average
Land area
41,540km²
#132 of 2152023
6% of world average
— PEOPLE —
Population
18.1Mpeople
#71 of 2162025
48% of world average
Population growth
0.5%% per year
#135 of 2162025
53% of world average
Population density
531people per km²
#22 of 2152023
117% of world average
People living in cities
95.9%% of population
#15 of 2162025
152% of world average
Urban population growth
0.8%% per year
#132 of 2162025
55% of world average
People living rurally
4.1%% of population
#202 of 2162025
11% of world average
Population aged 0-14
14.9%% of population
#181 of 2162025
59% of world average
Population aged 15-64
64.2%% of population
#114 of 2162025
100% of world average
Population aged 65+
20.9%% of population
#30 of 2162025
193% of world average
▸ ISSUE 7 MORE
Age dependency ratio
55.8%% of working-age population
#103 of 2162025
97% of world average
Female population
50.3%% of population
#114 of 2162025
101% of world average
Births per woman
1births per woman
#170 of 2162024
61% of world average
Birth rate
9.2 /1,000per 1,000 people
#170 of 2162024
53% of world average
Death rate
9.6 /1,000per 1,000 people
#48 of 2162024
125% of world average
Net migration
104,681people (5-year total)
#16 of 2162025
95069% of world average
Migrants living in the country
16.2%% of population
#54 of 2152024
122% of world average
— MONEY —
GDP
$1.33Tcurrent US$
#18 of 2112025
240% of world average
GDP, purchasing power parity
$1.58Tcurrent int'l $
#27 of 1992025
151% of world average
GDP per person
$73,684current US$
#16 of 2112025
306% of world average
GDP per person, purchasing power parity
$87,320current int'l $
#13 of 1992025
261% of world average
GDP growth
1.8%% per year
#153 of 2102025
53% of world average
GDP per person growth
1.3%% per year
#136 of 2102025
53% of world average
Gross national income
$1.30Tcurrent US$
#18 of 2042025
228% of world average
Gross national income per person
$68,530current US$
#15 of 2032025
340% of world average
Gross national income per person, PPP
$85,480current int'l $
#12 of 1972025
269% of world average
▸ ISSUE 28 MORE
Inflation
3.3%% per year
#100 of 1902025
38% of world average
Inflation (GDP deflator)
3.3%% per year
#106 of 2092025
47% of world average
Real interest rate
0.4%%
not enough data to rank2013
8% of world average
Lending interest rate
1.5%%
not enough data to rank2013
13% of world average
Government debt
54.2%% of GDP
not enough data to rank1994
91% of world average
Government revenue
39.4%% of GDP
#15 of 1492024
151% of world average
Government spending
40.0%% of GDP
#18 of 1492023
145% of world average
Government consumption
25.9%% of GDP
#18 of 1812025
148% of world average
Household consumption
43.1%% of GDP
#164 of 1812025
67% of world average
Investment (gross capital formation)
19.8%% of GDP
#126 of 1782025
85% of world average
Fixed investment
19.8%% of GDP
#121 of 1732025
89% of world average
Gross savings
28.8%% of GDP
#44 of 1682024
132% of world average
Foreign investment inflows
-$17.06Bcurrent US$
#197 of 2012024
-203% of world average
Foreign investment inflows
-1.4%% of GDP
#186 of 1982024
no comparison
Foreign investment outflows
-0.5%% of GDP
#165 of 1792024
-23% of world average
Current account balance
9.1%% of GDP
#22 of 1912024
no comparison
Foreign reserves
$118.06Bcurrent US$
#28 of 1772025
117% of world average
Income inequality (Gini)
260-100
#8 of 1472021
72% of world average
People below the poverty line
0.1%% of population
#21 of 1472021
1% of world average
Income share held by richest 10%
21.4%%
#7 of 1472021
77% of world average
Income share held by poorest 10%
3.6%%
#28 of 1472021
129% of world average
Stock market value
129.7%% of GDP
#13 of 882017
171% of world average
Money sent home by workers abroad
$4.72Bcurrent US$
#45 of 1862024
92% of world average
Exchange rate
1local currency per US$
#196 of 2112025
0% of world average
Agriculture's share of the economy
1.7%% of GDP
#153 of 1992025
17% of world average
Industry's share of the economy
17.7%% of GDP
#145 of 2022025
72% of world average
Manufacturing's share of the economy
10.1%% of GDP
#99 of 1952025
92% of world average
Services' share of the economy
70.4%% of GDP
#33 of 2022025
122% of world average
2 of 39 figures unavailable for Kingdom of the Netherlands.
— TRADE —
Exports
80.7%% of GDP
#16 of 1872025
186% of world average
Imports
69.5%% of GDP
#36 of 1872025
140% of world average
Trade balance
11.2%% of GDP
#21 of 1872025
no comparison
Total trade (openness)
139.5%% of GDP
#12 of 2052025
216% of world average
Goods exported
$989.24Bcurrent US$
#4 of 2072025
799% of world average
Goods imported
$870.44Bcurrent US$
#5 of 2072025
690% of world average
Services exported
$308.04Bcurrent US$
#9 of 1912024
634% of world average
Services imported
$261.82Bcurrent US$
#9 of 1912024
595% of world average
Goods and services exported
$1.00Tcurrent US$
#7 of 1912024
572% of world average
▸ ISSUE 3 MORE
Goods and services imported
$867.34Bcurrent US$
#8 of 1912024
513% of world average
High-tech share of exports
23.5%% of manufactured exports
#27 of 1792024
193% of world average
Terms of trade
100index
#112 of 2062024
95% of world average
— HEALTH —
Life expectancy
82.0 yrsyears
#37 of 2162024
111% of world average
Life expectancy, women
83.4 yrsyears
#44 of 2162024
109% of world average
Life expectancy, men
80.6 yrsyears
#28 of 2162024
113% of world average
Infant deaths
3.4 /1,000per 1,000 live births
#33 of 1962024
18% of world average
Deaths under age 5
3.9 /1,000per 1,000 live births
#31 of 1962024
16% of world average
Maternal deaths
4per 100,000 live births
#19 of 1942023
3% of world average
Health spending
10.0%% of GDP
#29 of 1932024
147% of world average
Health spending per person
$6,845current US$
#11 of 1932024
469% of world average
Physicians
3.9 /1,000per 1,000 people
#34 of 1872022
184% of world average
▸ ISSUE 10 MORE
Nurses and midwives
11.7 /1,000per 1,000 people
#14 of 1962022
248% of world average
Hospital beds
2.4 /1,000per 1,000 people
#79 of 1572022
82% of world average
Access to clean drinking water
100.0%% of population
#24 of 2142024
110% of world average
Access to basic sanitation
97.7%% of population
#78 of 2132024
121% of world average
Suicide rate
12per 100,000 people
#136 of 1852021
135% of world average
Adults who smoke
20.5%% of adults
#90 of 1662024
104% of world average
HIV prevalence
0.1%% aged 15-49
#26 of 1532023
7% of world average
Tuberculosis cases
5per 100,000 people
#31 of 2082024
5% of world average
Undernourishment
2.5%% of population
#42 of 1682023
25% of world average
Children vaccinated against measles
89.0%% of children 12-23 months
#107 of 1932024
104% of world average
— LEARNING —
Education spending
5.2%% of GDP
#56 of 1902022
120% of world average
Education spending
12.0%% of government spending
#113 of 1892022
88% of world average
Primary school enrolment
104.2%% gross
#61 of 2002023
103% of world average
Secondary school enrolment
137.5%% gross
#4 of 1882023
158% of world average
University enrolment
86.6%% gross
#18 of 1672023
174% of world average
Pupils per teacher, primary school
12pupils per teacher
#25 of 1602017
53% of world average
Years of compulsory education
13.0 yrsyears
#27 of 1972025
129% of world average
3 of 10 figures unavailable for Kingdom of the Netherlands.
— WORK —
Unemployment
3.9%% of labour force
#67 of 1862025
56% of world average
Youth unemployment
8.8%% of labour force aged 15-24
#58 of 1862025
56% of world average
Labour force participation
67.2%% aged 15+
#43 of 1862025
111% of world average
Women in the labour force
62.7%% of women aged 15+
#31 of 1862025
123% of world average
Men in the labour force
71.9%% of men aged 15+
#73 of 1862025
103% of world average
Labour force
10.3Mpeople
#55 of 1862025
51% of world average
Working in agriculture
1.7%% of employment
#164 of 1862025
8% of world average
Working in industry
13.8%% of employment
#152 of 1862025
70% of world average
Working in services
84.5%% of employment
#6 of 1862025
145% of world average
▸ ISSUE 3 MORE
Self-employed
16.8%% of employment
#138 of 1862025
43% of world average
Labour force with advanced education
79.6%% of labour force
#65 of 1712024
105% of world average
Employed
64.6%% aged 15+
#39 of 1862025
114% of world average
— CONNECTED —
People online
97.0%% of population
#20 of 2072024
136% of world average
Mobile phone subscriptions
129per 100 people
#63 of 2102024
111% of world average
Fixed broadband subscriptions
43per 100 people
#20 of 2082024
236% of world average
Fixed telephone lines
22per 100 people
#56 of 2132024
147% of world average
Access to electricity
100.0%% of population
#73 of 2142024
113% of world average
Access to clean cooking fuel
100.0%% of population
#36 of 1892023
144% of world average
Electricity used per person
6,386kWh per person
#29 of 1492024
151% of world average
Energy used per person
3,416kg oil equivalent per person
#26 of 1492024
151% of world average
Air passengers carried
41.4Mpassengers
#28 of 1652023
160% of world average
▸ ISSUE 9 MORE
Air freight
3,286million tonne-km
#15 of 1632023
250% of world average
Rail network
3,041route-km
#42 of 842021
29% of world average
Rail passengers
10,900million passenger-km
#18 of 782021
40% of world average
Container port traffic
14.5MTEU
#12 of 1672024
266% of world average
Research and development spending
2.3%% of GDP
#16 of 1272023
233% of world average
Patent applications by residents
2,080count
#18 of 1422021
13% of world average
Scientific journal articles published
32,207count
#18 of 1972023
196% of world average
Tourists arriving
7.3Mcount
#29 of 1942020
142% of world average
Money earned from tourism
$10.93Bcurrent US$
#18 of 1752020
295% of world average
— NATURE —
Carbon emissions per person
7tonnes per person
#167 of 2032024
147% of world average
Carbon emissions
119Mt CO2
#167 of 2032024
63% of world average
Greenhouse gas emissions
145Mt CO2-equivalent
#162 of 2032024
57% of world average
Protected land
22.9%% of land area
#68 of 2132025
121% of world average
Protected coastal waters
33.5%% of territorial waters
#14 of 1742025
324% of world average
Freshwater withdrawn
74.9%% of internal resources
#155 of 1772022
59% of world average
Renewable water available per person
621m³ per person
#149 of 1832022
4% of world average
Renewable energy use
12.2%% of final energy consumption
#132 of 2122021
42% of world average
Electricity from renewables
33.1%% of total
#87 of 2062021
96% of world average
▸ ISSUE 3 MORE
Electricity from fossil fuels
48.0%% of total
#79 of 2092023
81% of world average
Electricity from nuclear power
2.9%% of total
#28 of 2082024
81% of world average
Energy imported (net)
87.0%% of energy use
#16 of 1432023
no comparison
— STATE —
Military spending
1.9%% of GDP
#67 of 1562024
86% of world average
Military spending
$23.18Bcurrent US$
#19 of 1602024
139% of world average
Military spending
4.3%% of government spending
#92 of 1532024
59% of world average
Armed forces personnel
41,000people
#80 of 1702020
26% of world average
Armed forces
0.4%% of labour force
#124 of 1682020
33% of world average
Tax revenue
25.3%% of GDP
#14 of 1492024
151% of world average
Homicides
1per 100,000 people
#22 of 1582023
9% of world average
— TRADE PARTNERS —
Loading trade partner map…
— TRADE —
Exports toas of 2025
- Germany$163.69B
- Belgium$84.76B
- France$55.84B
- United Kingdom$46.72B
- USA$36.29B
- Italy$32.40B
- Spain$26.21B
- Poland$24.02B
▸ ISSUE 7 MORE
- China$21.12B
- Sweden$14.45B
- Other$13.18B
- Rep. of Korea$11.07B
- Denmark$10.15B
- Other$9.75B
- Czechia$9.64B
Imports fromas of 2025
- Germany$111.30B
- USA$64.70B
- Belgium$62.83B
- China$54.78B
- United Kingdom$28.22B
- France$23.90B
- Italy$16.82B
- Poland$15.70B
▸ ISSUE 7 MORE
- Norway$15.52B
- Ireland$14.68B
- Spain$12.22B
- Viet Nam$9.88B
- Sweden$9.77B
- Other$9.15B
- Japan$8.93B
Trade balance, 2025+$79.95B
— EXTRAS —
Anthem
WilhelmusAudio: Wikimedia Commons
Capital time
--:--:--Amsterdam · approx. UTC+0
Landmarks
No landmark photos on file for Kingdom of the Netherlands yet
People
Vincent van GoghDutch painter (1853–1890)
Johan CruyffDutch footballer and manager (1947–2016)
Hendrik LorentzDutch physicist (1853–1928)
Mark RutteSecretary General of NATO since 2024 and former Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–2024)
William Alexander of the NetherlandsKing of the Netherlands (born 1967)
Pieter ZeemanDutch physicist (1865–1943)
Beatrix of the NetherlandsQueen of the Netherlands from 1980 to 2013 (born 1938)
Johannes Diderik van der WaalsDutch physicist (1837–1923)
Jacobus Henricus van 't HoffDutch physical and organic chemist (1852-1911)
Robin van PersieDutch association football player and manager
Arjen RobbenDutch association football player (born 1984)
History
16 Mar 1815Kingdom of the Netherlands — founding / independence (Wikidata)
Size, side by side
Loading size comparison…
1960 → now
2026
Population18.1M2025
GDP$1.33T2025
GDP per person$73,6842025