Land covered by forest
57.2%% of land area
#33 of 2132024
181% of world average
SERIAL · 233Europe
Estonia
CapitalTallinn
CurrencyEUR · euro
LanguageEstonian
Area45,340 km²
Since1918
ISOEST · EE
Population
1.4Mas of 2025
Watermark portrait: Edgar de Wahl
— THE COUNTRY —
Country in Northern Europe
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. Its capital city of Tallinn, along with the city of Tartu, are the country's two largest urban areas. The Estonian language, of the Finnic family, is the official language and the first language of the majority of nearly 1.4 million people. Estonia is one of the least populous member states of the European Union.
Text: Wikipedia — EstoniaCC BY-SA 4.0 · revised 2026-11-02
— FACTS —
- Capital
- Tallinn
- Currency
- euro (EUR)
- Official language
- Estonian
- Drives on the
- Right
- Calling code
- +372
- Licence plate code
- EST
- Top-level domain
- .ee
- Independence / founding
- 24 Feb 1918
- Highest point
- Suur Munamägi (317 m)
- Lowest point
- Baltic Sea (0 m)
- Anthem
- Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm
— LAND —
Forest area
24,468km²
#99 of 2132025
13% of world average
Agricultural land
23.0%% of land area
#140 of 2092024
62% of world average
Farmable (arable) land
16.5%% of land area
#61 of 2062024
118% of world average
Land area
45,340km²
#130 of 2152024
7% of world average
— PEOPLE —
Population
1.4Mpeople
#157 of 2162025
4% of world average
Population growth
-0.4%% per year
#195 of 2162025
-43% of world average
Population density
32.1people per km²
#168 of 2152024
7% of world average
People living in cities
70.7%% of population
#86 of 2162025
112% of world average
Urban population growth
-0.4%% per year
#203 of 2162025
-26% of world average
People living rurally
29.3%% of population
#131 of 2162025
80% of world average
Population aged 0-14
15.3%% of population
#175 of 2162025
61% of world average
Population aged 15-64
62.9%% of population
#137 of 2162025
98% of world average
Population aged 65+
21.8%% of population
#21 of 2162025
202% of world average
▸ ISSUE 7 MORE
Age dependency ratio
58.9%% of working-age population
#80 of 2162025
103% of world average
Female population
52.4%% of population
#19 of 2162025
105% of world average
Births per woman
1.18births per woman
#199 of 2162024
50% of world average
Birth rate
7.1 /1,000per 1,000 people
#200 of 2162024
41% of world average
Death rate
11.5 /1,000per 1,000 people
#22 of 2162024
149% of world average
Net migration
-13,350people (5-year total)
#160 of 2162025
-12124% of world average
Migrants living in the country
14.9%% of population
#56 of 2152024
112% of world average
— MONEY —
GDP
$47.03Bcurrent US$
#103 of 2112025
8% of world average
GDP, purchasing power parity
$71.20Bcurrent int'l $
#118 of 1992025
7% of world average
GDP per person
$34,418current US$
#50 of 2112025
143% of world average
GDP per person, purchasing power parity
$52,106current int'l $
#49 of 1992025
156% of world average
GDP growth
0.6%% per year
#185 of 2102025
17% of world average
GDP per person growth
1.0%% per year
#144 of 2102025
43% of world average
Gross national income
$46.37Bcurrent US$
#102 of 2042025
8% of world average
Gross national income per person
$32,310current US$
#46 of 2032025
160% of world average
Gross national income per person, PPP
$51,370current int'l $
#47 of 1972025
161% of world average
▸ ISSUE 24 MORE
Inflation
4.8%% per year
#143 of 1902025
56% of world average
Inflation (GDP deflator)
3.8%% per year
#124 of 2092025
54% of world average
Government revenue
38.3%% of GDP
#20 of 1492024
146% of world average
Government spending
37.7%% of GDP
#25 of 1492023
137% of world average
Government consumption
21.5%% of GDP
#41 of 1812025
122% of world average
Household consumption
52.7%% of GDP
#134 of 1812025
82% of world average
Investment (gross capital formation)
24.8%% of GDP
#70 of 1782025
107% of world average
Fixed investment
24.2%% of GDP
#63 of 1732025
109% of world average
Gross savings
24.7%% of GDP
#65 of 1682025
113% of world average
Foreign investment inflows
-$1.03Bcurrent US$
#190 of 2012025
-12% of world average
Foreign investment inflows
-2.2%% of GDP
#188 of 1982025
no comparison
Foreign investment outflows
0.2%% of GDP
#154 of 1792025
11% of world average
Current account balance
0.4%% of GDP
#77 of 1912025
no comparison
Foreign reserves
$2.44Bcurrent US$
#124 of 1772025
2% of world average
Income inequality (Gini)
30.70-100
#36 of 1472023
86% of world average
People below the poverty line
0.3%% of population
#29 of 1472023
2% of world average
Income share held by richest 10%
23.7%%
#29 of 1472023
85% of world average
Income share held by poorest 10%
3.1%%
#45 of 1472023
111% of world average
Money sent home by workers abroad
$536.3Mcurrent US$
#116 of 1862025
10% of world average
Exchange rate
0.885local currency per US$
#180 of 2112025
0% of world average
Agriculture's share of the economy
1.6%% of GDP
#155 of 1992025
17% of world average
Industry's share of the economy
19.7%% of GDP
#130 of 2022025
81% of world average
Manufacturing's share of the economy
10.8%% of GDP
#91 of 1952025
98% of world average
Services' share of the economy
65.8%% of GDP
#51 of 2022025
114% of world average
6 of 39 figures unavailable for Estonia.
— TRADE —
Exports
78.4%% of GDP
#19 of 1872025
181% of world average
Imports
77.4%% of GDP
#26 of 1872025
156% of world average
Trade balance
1.0%% of GDP
#69 of 1872025
no comparison
Total trade (openness)
98.4%% of GDP
#29 of 2052025
152% of world average
Goods exported
$20.98Bcurrent US$
#81 of 2072025
17% of world average
Goods imported
$25.30Bcurrent US$
#80 of 2072025
20% of world average
Services exported
$15.79Bcurrent US$
#61 of 1912025
33% of world average
Services imported
$12.11Bcurrent US$
#67 of 1912025
28% of world average
Goods and services exported
$37.02Bcurrent US$
#76 of 1912025
21% of world average
▸ ISSUE 3 MORE
Goods and services imported
$36.50Bcurrent US$
#73 of 1912025
22% of world average
High-tech share of exports
18.4%% of manufactured exports
#39 of 1792024
151% of world average
Terms of trade
99.3index
#117 of 2062024
94% of world average
— HEALTH —
Life expectancy
79.3 yrsyears
#55 of 2162024
107% of world average
Life expectancy, women
83.7 yrsyears
#40 of 2162024
109% of world average
Life expectancy, men
75.1 yrsyears
#71 of 2162024
105% of world average
Infant deaths
1.5 /1,000per 1,000 live births
#2 of 1962024
8% of world average
Deaths under age 5
2.0 /1,000per 1,000 live births
#2 of 1962024
8% of world average
Maternal deaths
5per 100,000 live births
#23 of 1942023
4% of world average
Health spending
7.8%% of GDP
#65 of 1932024
115% of world average
Health spending per person
$2,438current US$
#34 of 1932024
167% of world average
Physicians
3.5 /1,000per 1,000 people
#47 of 1872022
165% of world average
▸ ISSUE 10 MORE
Nurses and midwives
6.7 /1,000per 1,000 people
#47 of 1962023
141% of world average
Hospital beds
4.1 /1,000per 1,000 people
#34 of 1572023
140% of world average
Access to clean drinking water
100.0%% of population
#39 of 2142024
110% of world average
Access to basic sanitation
99.0%% of population
#54 of 2132024
123% of world average
Suicide rate
14.9per 100,000 people
#158 of 1852021
175% of world average
Adults who smoke
26.1%% of adults
#124 of 1662024
132% of world average
HIV prevalence
0.7%% aged 15-49
#98 of 1532024
51% of world average
Tuberculosis cases
8.2per 100,000 people
#51 of 2082024
8% of world average
Undernourishment
2.5%% of population
#1 of 1682024
25% of world average
Children vaccinated against measles
83.0%% of children 12-23 months
#134 of 1932024
97% of world average
— LEARNING —
Education spending
5.2%% of GDP
#55 of 1902022
120% of world average
Education spending
13.0%% of government spending
#91 of 1892022
96% of world average
Adult literacy
99.9%% aged 15+
not enough data to rank2011
119% of world average
Youth literacy
99.9%% aged 15-24
not enough data to rank2011
110% of world average
Primary school enrolment
97.8%% gross
#121 of 2002024
97% of world average
Secondary school enrolment
108.5%% gross
#28 of 1882024
125% of world average
University enrolment
65.7%% gross
#57 of 1672024
132% of world average
Primary school completion
99.9%% of relevant age group
#39 of 1802024
111% of world average
Pupils per teacher, primary school
11.3pupils per teacher
#19 of 1602017
51% of world average
▸ ISSUE 1 MORE
Years of compulsory education
9.0 yrsyears
#115 of 1972025
90% of world average
— WORK —
Unemployment
8.3%% of labour force
#134 of 1862025
120% of world average
Youth unemployment
19.7%% of labour force aged 15-24
#135 of 1862025
126% of world average
Labour force participation
65.1%% aged 15+
#58 of 1862025
108% of world average
Women in the labour force
61.0%% of women aged 15+
#46 of 1862025
120% of world average
Men in the labour force
69.8%% of men aged 15+
#93 of 1862025
100% of world average
Labour force
754,206people
#153 of 1862025
4% of world average
Working in agriculture
3.0%% of employment
#148 of 1862025
13% of world average
Working in industry
26.0%% of employment
#36 of 1862025
133% of world average
Working in services
71.0%% of employment
#57 of 1862025
122% of world average
▸ ISSUE 3 MORE
Self-employed
12.1%% of employment
#161 of 1862025
31% of world average
Labour force with advanced education
78.0%% of labour force
#88 of 1712024
102% of world average
Employed
59.7%% aged 15+
#78 of 1862025
106% of world average
— CONNECTED —
People online
92.2%% of population
#47 of 2072024
129% of world average
Mobile phone subscriptions
151per 100 people
#31 of 2102024
131% of world average
Fixed broadband subscriptions
35.4per 100 people
#43 of 2082024
194% of world average
Fixed telephone lines
16.7per 100 people
#72 of 2132024
112% of world average
Access to electricity
100.0%% of population
#1 of 2142024
113% of world average
Access to clean cooking fuel
96.0%% of population
#1 of 1892024
138% of world average
Electricity used per person
6,161kWh per person
#36 of 1492025
146% of world average
Energy used per person
3,098kg oil equivalent per person
#38 of 1492024
137% of world average
Air passengers carried
857passengers
#164 of 1652019
0% of world average
▸ ISSUE 9 MORE
Air freight
0million tonne-km
#150 of 1632023
0% of world average
Rail network
1,033route-km
#66 of 842017
10% of world average
Rail passengers
290million passenger-km
#60 of 782021
1% of world average
Container port traffic
261,822TEU
#102 of 1672024
5% of world average
Research and development spending
1.8%% of GDP
#21 of 1272023
189% of world average
Patent applications by residents
27count
#92 of 1422024
0% of world average
Scientific journal articles published
1,754count
#74 of 1972023
11% of world average
Tourists arriving
1.7Mcount
#76 of 1942020
33% of world average
Money earned from tourism
$865.0Mcurrent US$
#79 of 1752020
23% of world average
— NATURE —
Carbon emissions per person
7.76tonnes per person
#175 of 2032024
172% of world average
Carbon emissions
10.6Mt CO2
#97 of 2032024
6% of world average
Greenhouse gas emissions
14.1Mt CO2-equivalent
#73 of 2032024
6% of world average
Protected land
21.6%% of land area
#79 of 2132025
115% of world average
Protected coastal waters
19.2%% of territorial waters
#31 of 1742025
186% of world average
Freshwater withdrawn
9.5%% of internal resources
#91 of 1772022
7% of world average
Renewable water available per person
9,423m³ per person
#48 of 1832022
67% of world average
Renewable energy use
38.0%% of final energy consumption
#64 of 2122021
131% of world average
Electricity from renewables
40.0%% of total
#74 of 2062021
115% of world average
▸ ISSUE 3 MORE
Electricity from fossil fuels
43.2%% of total
#80 of 2092025
73% of world average
Electricity from nuclear power
0.0%% of total
#33 of 2082021
0% of world average
Energy imported (net)
6.1%% of energy use
#97 of 1432024
no comparison
— STATE —
Military spending
3.4%% of GDP
#21 of 1562025
152% of world average
Military spending
$1.58Bcurrent US$
#70 of 1602025
9% of world average
Military spending
7.5%% of government spending
#46 of 1532025
102% of world average
Armed forces personnel
7,000people
#142 of 1702020
4% of world average
Armed forces
1.0%% of labour force
#69 of 1682020
80% of world average
Tax revenue
22.7%% of GDP
#33 of 1492024
135% of world average
Homicides
1.54per 100,000 people
#64 of 1582023
20% of world average
— TRADE PARTNERS —
Loading trade partner map…
— TRADE —
Exports toas of 2025
- Finland$3.15B
- Latvia$2.35B
- Sweden$1.83B
- Lithuania$1.83B
- Germany$1.58B
- Poland$884.5M
- Kingdom of the Netherlands$777.1M
- Russia$684.7M
▸ ISSUE 7 MORE
- United States$655.6M
- Norway$646.4M
- Denmark$560.3M
- United Kingdom$520.5M
- France$502.7M
- Singapore$375.9M
- Italy$353.4M
Imports fromas of 2025
- People's Republic of China$2.81B
- Germany$2.52B
- Finland$1.84B
- Latvia$1.57B
- Lithuania$1.45B
- Poland$1.36B
- Kingdom of the Netherlands$1.13B
- Sweden$1.07B
▸ ISSUE 7 MORE
- Italy$870.3M
- United States$862.3M
- Other$810.3M
- Czech Republic$722.4M
- France$680.2M
- Switzerland$650.4M
- Spain$575.6M
Trade balance, 2025-$4.21B
— EXTRAS —
Anthem
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõmAudio: Wikimedia Commons
Capital time
--:--:--Tallinn · approx. UTC+2
Landmarks
Struve Geodetic ArcImage: Wikimedia Commons 
Tallinn Old TownImage: Wikimedia Commons
People
Edgar de WahlEstonian teacher and linguist (1867–1948)
Kaja KallasEstonian politician and former prime minister of Estonia (born 1977)
Kersti KaljulaidEstonian politician and president of Estonia (born 1969)
Alexander Van der BellenPresident of Austria since 2017 (born 1944)
Toomas Hendrik IlvesEstonian politician and diplomat, fourth president of Estonia (born 1953)
Arvo PärtEstonian composer (born 1935)
Birgit SarrapEstonian singer (born 1988)
Jüri RatasEstonian politician (born 1978)
Andrus AnsipEstonian chemist and politician (born 1956)
Arnold RüütelEstonian politician, former President of Estonia (1928–2024)
Paul KeresEstonian chess player and sportsperson (1916–1975)
Konstantin PätsEstonian politician (1874–1956)
History
24 Feb 1918Estonia founded as a sovereign state
12 Mar 19341934 Estonian coup d'état
16 Jun 1940Soviet occupation in Estonia
20 Aug 1991Estonian restoration of Independence
17 Sep 1991Joined the United Nations
Size, side by side
Loading size comparison…
1960 → now
2026
Population1.4M2025
GDP$47.03B2025
GDP per person$34,4182025