Data as of Aug 2, 2026, 8:06 PM

SERIAL · 070Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina

CapitalSarajevo

CurrencyBAM · convertible mark

LanguageCroatian, Serbian, Bosnian

Area51,210 km²

Since1992

ISOBIH · BA

Population

3.1Mas of 2025

— THE COUNTRY —

Country in Southeast Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina, often referred to as Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest, with a 20-kilometre-long (12-mile) coast on the Adriatic Sea in the south. Bosnia has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Its geography is largely mountainous, particularly in the central and eastern regions, which are dominated by the Dinaric Alps. Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous. Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city.

Text: Wikipedia — Bosnia and HerzegovinaCC BY-SA 4.0 · revised 2026-07-24

— FACTS —

Capital: Sarajevo
Currency: convertible mark (BAM)
Official language: Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian
Drives on the: Right
Calling code: +387
Licence plate code: BIH
Top-level domain: .ba
Independence / founding: 01 Mar 1992
Highest point: Maglić (2,386 m)
Lowest point: Adriatic Sea (0 m)
Anthem: National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Facts: Wikidata (CC0) · as of 2026-08-02

— LAND —

Land covered by forest

42.7%% of land area

#68 of 2132023

135% of world average

Forest area

21,879km²

#103 of 2132023

12% of world average

Agricultural land

21.7%% of land area

#144 of 2092023

59% of world average

Farmable (arable) land

7.2%% of land area

#117 of 2062023

52% of world average

Land area

51,210km²

#127 of 2152023

8% of world average

— PEOPLE —

Population

3.1Mpeople

#135 of 2162025

8% of world average

Population growth

-0.8%% per year

#207 of 2162025

-78% of world average

Population density

62people per km²

#141 of 2152023

14% of world average

People living in cities

52.7%% of population

#149 of 2162025

83% of world average

Urban population growth

0.3%% per year

#167 of 2162025

21% of world average

People living rurally

47.3%% of population

#68 of 2162025

129% of world average

Population aged 0-14

12.8%% of population

#206 of 2162025

51% of world average

Population aged 15-64

64.3%% of population

#112 of 2162025

100% of world average

Population aged 65+

22.9%% of population

#15 of 2162025

211% of world average

▸ ISSUE 7 MORE

Age dependency ratio

55.5%% of working-age population

#105 of 2162025

97% of world average

Female population

52.4%% of population

#21 of 2162025

105% of world average

Births per woman

1births per woman

#152 of 2162024

63% of world average

Birth rate

7.7 /1,000per 1,000 people

#193 of 2162024

45% of world average

Death rate

13.5 /1,000per 1,000 people

#7 of 2162024

176% of world average

Net migration

-6,994people (5-year total)

#143 of 2162025

-6352% of world average

Migrants living in the country

1.1%% of population

#170 of 2152024

8% of world average

— MONEY —

GDP

$32.60Bcurrent US$

#111 of 2112025

6% of world average

GDP, purchasing power parity

$81.06Bcurrent int'l $

#112 of 1992025

8% of world average

GDP per person

$10,382current US$

#102 of 2112025

43% of world average

GDP per person, purchasing power parity

$25,814current int'l $

#91 of 1992025

77% of world average

GDP growth

2.1%% per year

#141 of 2102025

63% of world average

GDP per person growth

2.9%% per year

#83 of 2102025

123% of world average

Gross national income

$32.60Bcurrent US$

#111 of 2042025

6% of world average

Gross national income per person

$9,940current US$

#93 of 2032025

49% of world average

Gross national income per person, PPP

$25,810current int'l $

#84 of 1972025

81% of world average

▸ ISSUE 29 MORE

Inflation

6.1%% per year

#152 of 1902023

71% of world average

Inflation (GDP deflator)

3.0%% per year

#95 of 2092025

43% of world average

Real interest rate

1.2%%

#105 of 1342025

28% of world average

Lending interest rate

4.2%%

#125 of 1342025

37% of world average

Government debt

39.7%% of GDP

#18 of 632024

67% of world average

Government revenue

37.6%% of GDP

#24 of 1492024

144% of world average

Government spending

35.3%% of GDP

#34 of 1492023

128% of world average

Government consumption

20.3%% of GDP

#52 of 1812025

116% of world average

Household consumption

69.4%% of GDP

#63 of 1812025

107% of world average

Investment (gross capital formation)

28.7%% of GDP

#41 of 1782025

123% of world average

Fixed investment

24.4%% of GDP

#59 of 1732024

109% of world average

Gross savings

20.3%% of GDP

#96 of 1682025

93% of world average

Foreign investment inflows

$716.6Mcurrent US$

#110 of 2012025

9% of world average

Foreign investment inflows

2.2%% of GDP

#94 of 1982025

no comparison

Foreign investment outflows

0.6%% of GDP

#71 of 1792025

27% of world average

Current account balance

-3.1%% of GDP

#114 of 1912025

no comparison

Foreign reserves

$9.42Bcurrent US$

#84 of 1772024

9% of world average

External debt

$13.89Bcurrent US$

#62 of 1212024

18% of world average

Income inequality (Gini)

300-100

#33 of 1472021

85% of world average

People below the poverty line

0.3%% of population

#30 of 1472021

2% of world average

Income share held by richest 10%

23.6%%

#28 of 1472021

85% of world average

Income share held by poorest 10%

3.3%%

#40 of 1472021

118% of world average

Money sent home by workers abroad

$3.49Bcurrent US$

#54 of 1862025

68% of world average

Foreign aid received

1.1%% of GNI

#89 of 1372023

19% of world average

Exchange rate

2local currency per US$

#149 of 2112025

0% of world average

Agriculture's share of the economy

4.4%% of GDP

#113 of 1992025

44% of world average

Industry's share of the economy

21.5%% of GDP

#120 of 2022025

88% of world average

Manufacturing's share of the economy

12.0%% of GDP

#80 of 1952025

109% of world average

Services' share of the economy

57.7%% of GDP

#102 of 2022025

100% of world average

1 of 39 figures unavailable for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

— TRADE —

Exports

41.0%% of GDP

#79 of 1872025

95% of world average

Imports

54.1%% of GDP

#67 of 1872025

109% of world average

Trade balance

-13.1%% of GDP

#137 of 1872025

no comparison

Total trade (openness)

83.3%% of GDP

#48 of 2052025

129% of world average

Goods exported

$9.81Bcurrent US$

#105 of 2072025

8% of world average

Goods imported

$17.33Bcurrent US$

#94 of 2072025

14% of world average

Services exported

$3.92Bcurrent US$

#103 of 1912025

8% of world average

Services imported

$1.42Bcurrent US$

#136 of 1912025

3% of world average

Goods and services exported

$13.42Bcurrent US$

#102 of 1912025

8% of world average

▸ ISSUE 3 MORE

Goods and services imported

$17.69Bcurrent US$

#99 of 1912025

10% of world average

High-tech share of exports

6.2%% of manufactured exports

#90 of 1792024

51% of world average

Terms of trade

106index

#90 of 2062024

100% of world average

— HEALTH —

Life expectancy

78.0 yrsyears

#68 of 2162024

105% of world average

Life expectancy, women

81.1 yrsyears

#67 of 2162024

106% of world average

Life expectancy, men

74.6 yrsyears

#79 of 2162024

104% of world average

Infant deaths

5.5 /1,000per 1,000 live births

#53 of 1962024

30% of world average

Deaths under age 5

6.9 /1,000per 1,000 live births

#55 of 1962024

29% of world average

Maternal deaths

6per 100,000 live births

#29 of 1942023

5% of world average

Health spending

8.9%% of GDP

#46 of 1932023

131% of world average

Health spending per person

$773current US$

#69 of 1932023

53% of world average

Physicians

2.6 /1,000per 1,000 people

#76 of 1872019

123% of world average

▸ ISSUE 9 MORE

Nurses and midwives

6.7 /1,000per 1,000 people

#45 of 1962022

143% of world average

Hospital beds

2.4 /1,000per 1,000 people

#85 of 1572019

79% of world average

Access to clean drinking water

96.1%% of population

#118 of 2142024

106% of world average

Access to basic sanitation

95.4%% of population

#98 of 2132018

118% of world average

Suicide rate

9per 100,000 people

#122 of 1852021

105% of world average

Adults who smoke

37.1%% of adults

#156 of 1662024

188% of world average

Tuberculosis cases

21per 100,000 people

#81 of 2082024

21% of world average

Undernourishment

2.5%% of population

#8 of 1682023

25% of world average

Children vaccinated against measles

69.0%% of children 12-23 months

#171 of 1932024

80% of world average

1 of 19 figures unavailable for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

— LEARNING —

Education spending

3.2%% of GDP

#133 of 1902023

75% of world average

Education spending

10.2%% of government spending

#145 of 1892021

75% of world average

Adult literacy

97.0%% aged 15+

not enough data to rank2013

116% of world average

Youth literacy

99.7%% aged 15-24

not enough data to rank2013

109% of world average

Primary school enrolment

101.2%% gross

#87 of 2002023

100% of world average

Secondary school enrolment

87.9%% gross

#113 of 1882023

101% of world average

University enrolment

45.5%% gross

#89 of 1672023

91% of world average

Primary school completion

100.5%% of relevant age group

#30 of 1802023

112% of world average

Pupils per teacher, primary school

17pupils per teacher

#74 of 1602018

76% of world average

▸ ISSUE 1 MORE

Years of compulsory education

9.0 yrsyears

#119 of 1972025

90% of world average

— WORK —

Unemployment

11.0%% of labour force

#154 of 1862025

160% of world average

Youth unemployment

28.2%% of labour force aged 15-24

#163 of 1862025

180% of world average

Labour force participation

49.0%% aged 15+

#161 of 1862025

81% of world average

Women in the labour force

39.2%% of women aged 15+

#152 of 1862025

77% of world average

Men in the labour force

60.0%% of men aged 15+

#164 of 1862025

86% of world average

Labour force

1.3Mpeople

#138 of 1862025

7% of world average

Working in agriculture

16.7%% of employment

#86 of 1862025

76% of world average

Working in industry

30.6%% of employment

#18 of 1862025

156% of world average

Working in services

52.7%% of employment

#114 of 1862025

90% of world average

▸ ISSUE 3 MORE

Self-employed

22.1%% of employment

#124 of 1862025

57% of world average

Labour force with advanced education

82.6%% of labour force

#36 of 1712024

109% of world average

Employed

43.6%% aged 15+

#160 of 1862025

77% of world average

— CONNECTED —

People online

86.1%% of population

#83 of 2072024

121% of world average

Mobile phone subscriptions

121per 100 people

#86 of 2102024

105% of world average

Fixed broadband subscriptions

29per 100 people

#64 of 2082024

162% of world average

Fixed telephone lines

18per 100 people

#65 of 2132024

124% of world average

Access to electricity

100.0%% of population

#17 of 2142024

113% of world average

Access to clean cooking fuel

39.5%% of population

#142 of 1892023

57% of world average

Electricity used per person

3,677kWh per person

#62 of 1492023

87% of world average

Energy used per person

2,171kg oil equivalent per person

#54 of 1492023

96% of world average

Air passengers carried

1,593passengers

#162 of 1652020

0% of world average

▸ ISSUE 8 MORE

Air freight

0million tonne-km

#151 of 1632019

0% of world average

Rail network

1,018route-km

#67 of 842019

10% of world average

Rail passengers

15million passenger-km

#75 of 782020

0% of world average

Research and development spending

0.2%% of GDP

#90 of 1272024

22% of world average

Patent applications by residents

53count

#82 of 1422021

0% of world average

Scientific journal articles published

1,083count

#86 of 1972023

7% of world average

Tourists arriving

197,000count

#152 of 1942020

4% of world average

Money earned from tourism

$438.0Mcurrent US$

#99 of 1752020

12% of world average

1 of 18 figures unavailable for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

— NATURE —

Carbon emissions per person

6tonnes per person

#166 of 2032024

143% of world average

Carbon emissions

20Mt CO2

#116 of 2032024

11% of world average

Greenhouse gas emissions

28Mt CO2-equivalent

#93 of 2032024

11% of world average

Protected land

9.5%% of land area

#156 of 2132025

50% of world average

Protected coastal waters

0.0%% of territorial waters

#153 of 1742025

0% of world average

Freshwater withdrawn

0.9%% of internal resources

#23 of 1772022

1% of world average

Renewable water available per person

11,077m³ per person

#41 of 1832022

78% of world average

Renewable energy use

36.6%% of final energy consumption

#65 of 2122021

126% of world average

Electricity from renewables

39.3%% of total

#76 of 2062021

114% of world average

▸ ISSUE 3 MORE

Electricity from fossil fuels

56.9%% of total

#91 of 2092023

96% of world average

Electricity from nuclear power

0.0%% of total

#52 of 2082021

0% of world average

Energy imported (net)

24.9%% of energy use

#72 of 1432023

no comparison

— STATE —

Military spending

0.7%% of GDP

#131 of 1562024

34% of world average

Military spending

$216.0Mcurrent US$

#123 of 1602024

1% of world average

Military spending

1.7%% of government spending

#145 of 1532024

23% of world average

Armed forces personnel

11,000people

#128 of 1702020

7% of world average

Armed forces

0.8%% of labour force

#85 of 1682020

65% of world average

Tax revenue

20.2%% of GDP

#50 of 1492024

121% of world average

Homicides

1per 100,000 people

#53 of 1582023

16% of world average

— TRADE PARTNERS —

Loading trade partner map…

— TRADE —

No trade data available for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

— EXTRAS —

Anthem

No anthem audio available

Capital time

--:--:--Sarajevo · approx. UTC+1

Neighbours

Croatia

Montenegro

Serbia

Landmarks

Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of EuropeImage: Wikimedia Commons

Mehmed Paša Sokolović BridgeImage: Wikimedia Commons

Old Bridge Area of the Old City of MostarImage: Wikimedia Commons

People

Radovan KaradžićBosnian Serb politician, psychiatrist and poet convicted of genocide

Alija IzetbegovićBosnian politician, lawyer, philosopher and author (1925–2003)

Ratko MladićConvicted war-criminal and former general of the Bosnian Serb military (1991-1996)

Edin DžekoBosnian association football player

Miralem PjanićBosnian association football player

Ivica OsimBosnian association football player and manager (1941–2022)

Milorad DodikBosnian Serb politician (born 1959)

Sead KolašinacBosnian-German association football player (born 1993)

Dragan ĐokanovićBosnian politician of Serbian origin

Bakir IzetbegovićBosnian politician

History

01 Mar 1992Bosnia and Herzegovina — founding / independence (Wikidata)

Size, side by side

Loading size comparison…

1960 → now

2026

Population3.1M2025

GDP$32.60B2025

GDP per person$10,3822025